Koala Speeds Solution¶

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Instantiate a figure with a single Axes
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8,6), layout='tight')

# Make a scatter plot
ax.scatter(x=weights, y=speeds, s=ages**2, marker='x')

# Plot regression line
xlims = np.array(ax.get_xlim())
ax.plot(xlims, m * xlims + b, c='r')

# Set title & labels
ax.set_title('Speed vs weight of adult koalas')
ax.set_xlabel('weight')
ax.set_ylabel('speed')

# Insert equation in the upper right corner
ax.text(
    x=0.98, 
    y=0.98, 
    s=f'speed = {m}*weight + {b}', 
    ha='right', 
    va='top', 
    transform=ax.transAxes
)

Explanation¶

Make a figure with a single Axes.
```
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8,6), layout='tight')
```
- plt.subplots() makes a figure with one Axes. (See matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.)
- figsize=(8,6) sets the figure dimensions as 8 in. by 6 in. (See the figsize parameter of matplotlib.figure.)
- layout='tight' "adjusts the subplot parameters so that decorations like tick labels, axis labels and titles have enough space". (See the layout parameter of matplotlib.figure.)

Make a scatter plot.

ax.scatter(
    x=weights,   # set x as the weights
    y=speeds,    # set y as the speeds
    s=ages**2,   # set ages**2 as the marker sizes
    marker='x'   # set the marker style as "x"
)

Plot the regression line
```
xlims = np.array(ax.get_xlim())
ax.plot(xlims, m * xlims + b, c='r')
```
The strategy here is to plot a line between two points: (x₁, y₁) to (x₂, y₂). We want the x values to span the x limits of ax, which we can fetch with
```
xlims = np.array(ax.get_xlim())
print(xlims)  # [ 9.55113043 20.10128969]
```
Then we calculate the corresponding y values.
```
print(m * xlims + b)
# [6.76733044 5.18480655]
```
Passing these into ax.plot() plots a line between them, by default.
```
ax.plot(xlims, m * xlims + b, c='r') # (1)!
```
1. c='r' makes the line color red.
Set title & labels.
```
ax.set_title('Speed vs weight of adult koalas')
ax.set_xlabel('weight')
ax.set_ylabel('speed')
```
5. Insert the equation in the upper right corner.
```
ax.text(
        x=0.98,                        # (1)!
        y=0.98,                        # (2)!
        s=f'speed = {m}*weight + {b}', # (3)!
        ha='right',                    # (4)!
        va='top',                      # (5)!
        transform=ax.transAxes         # (6)!
    )
```
1. Anchor the text at x position 0.98 (near the right edge)
2. Anchor the text at y position 0.98 (near the top edge)
3. Use an f-string to generate the text representing the equation "speed = m*weight + b"
4. horizontally align the text to the right (so the far right of the text lands at position x = 0.98)
5. vertically align the text to the top (so the top of the text lands at position y = 0.98)
6. Apply a transformation that lets us input values in the range [0, 1].
Here we use ax.text() to add text onto the Axes. Our trick to placing the text in the top right is to use transform=ax.transAxes which allows us to specify x and y in the range [0, 1] where 0 is the left/bottom edge and 1 is the right/top edge.